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Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham KG (15 August 1402 – 10 July 1460) was an English nobleman. A great-grandson of King Edward III on his mother's side, he was a military commander in the Hundred Years' War and in the Wars of the Roses. == Early life == He was born at Stafford, Staffordshire, England, the son of Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, and Anne of Gloucester, daughter of Edward III's youngest son Thomas of Woodstock. When Humphrey was less than a year old, his father was killed fighting for the royalist forces at the Battle of Shrewsbury in July 1403. He became 6th Earl of Stafford, inheriting a large estate with lands in more than a dozen counties, although over two-thirds of his estate was still occupied by his mother and he only received a reduced income, less than £1260 a year, until he was sixteen. Humphrey was made a royal ward on his father's death, under the control of Henry IV's queen Joan of Navarre.〔(Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Humphrey Stafford )〕 He was knighted by King Henry V on 22 April 1421. Following Henry V's death, he was part of the regency council, becoming a Privy Councillor in 1424. He was seen as a moderating influence over the power battles between Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and Bishop Henry Beaufort.〔 He was made a knight of the Order of the Garter in 1429. Buckingham had been Lieutenant-General of Normandy between 1430 and 1432 and was created, in 1431, the Count of Perche, a province in English-occupied Normandy by King Henry VI. This title was one of many granted by Henry VI to his leading supporters during the English occupation of France. With his mother's death in 1438, he received the remainder of his father's estates, worth £1500 plus her half of the Bohun inheritance, another £1200; this included the title of Earl of Buckingham, bringing a further £1000. On 14 September 1444, he was created Duke of Buckingham, making him one of the greatest landowners in England. In 1447, he was granted precedence over all English dukes not of royal blood. Despite his income, during his time in office as the Captain of the Calais garrison, he was heavily out of pocket. He was responsible for ensuring the garrison was paid, leaving him owed £19,395 by the Crown, which was only partially recovered by the time he left in 1451. Public office continued to push him to spend over his annual income, with household costs of over £2000, as well as all the public requirements he needed to fund.〔 Other offices he held included Seneschal of Halton (from 1439) and Lieutenant of the Marches from 1442 – 1451. Buckingham became Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle, also Constable of Queensborough, on the Isle of Sheppey), in 1450. He represented the Crown during peace talks with the French in 1445 and 1446 and in roles such as an envoy to the insurgents with Jack Cade at Blackheath. Buckingham, as a Constable of England, was one of the lords who arrested Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, at Bury St Edmunds on 18 February 1447. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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